---
title: News | SINTEF
description: SINTEF |
---

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<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/tag/sintef#navbar_global>

- [NEWS](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/news?hsLang=en-us)
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    - [CLUSTER AND TEAM](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/clusterandteam?hsLang=en-us)
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    - [Dark Drones](https://oceanautonomy.no/dark-drones?hsLang=en-us)
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    - [Frostabåten](https://oceanautonomy.no/frostab%C3%A5ten?hsLang=en-us)
    - [Maritimt studentsenter Nyhavna](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/maritimt-studentsenter-nyhavna?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MIDAS - Mennesket i framtidens havromsoperasjoner](https://oceanautonomy.no/nb/project_midas?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MIDAS Academy](https://midas-academy.no/)
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    - [Testination](https://testination.io/)
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    - Completed projects
    - [AGATI - Adriatic Green Autonomous Transport Initiative](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_agati?hsLang=en-us)
    - [DIGIFJORD](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_digifjord?hsLang=en-us)
    - [FAST - Flexible Autonomous Smart Transport](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_fast?hsLang=en-us)
    - [FLEX FERRY](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_flexferry?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MATIN - The Croatia – Norway Marine Technology Innovation network](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_matin?hsLang=en-us)

- [NEWS](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/news?hsLang=en-us)
- ABOUT 
    - [CLUSTER AND TEAM](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/clusterandteam?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MEMBERSHIP](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/membership?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MEMBERS](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/members?hsLang=en-us)
- PROJECTS 
    - [Dark Drones](https://oceanautonomy.no/dark-drones?hsLang=en-us)
    - [FI Ocean Space Incubator](https://fi-nor.no/en/oceanspaceincubator/)
    - [Frostabåten](https://oceanautonomy.no/frostab%C3%A5ten?hsLang=en-us)
    - [Maritimt studentsenter Nyhavna](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/maritimt-studentsenter-nyhavna?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MIDAS - Mennesket i framtidens havromsoperasjoner](https://oceanautonomy.no/nb/project_midas?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MIDAS Academy](https://midas-academy.no/)
    - [ROC - Remote Operation Centres for next-generation maritime autonomy](https://oceanautonomy.no/project_roc-remote-operation-centres-for-next-generation-maritime-autonomy?hsLang=en-us)
    - [Strategisk forum Nyhavna](https://oceanautonomy.no/no-no/project-strategisk-forum-nyhavna?hsLang=en-us)
    - [Testination](https://testination.io/)
    - [XLRTR - Accelerate Dual-Use Technology for Multi-domain Operations](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/xlrtr?hsLang=en-us)
    - Completed projects
    - [AGATI - Adriatic Green Autonomous Transport Initiative](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_agati?hsLang=en-us)
    - [DIGIFJORD](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_digifjord?hsLang=en-us)
    - [FAST - Flexible Autonomous Smart Transport](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_fast?hsLang=en-us)
    - [FLEX FERRY](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_flexferry?hsLang=en-us)
    - [MATIN - The Croatia – Norway Marine Technology Innovation network](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_matin?hsLang=en-us)

[Get in touch](https://26558673.hs-sites-eu1.com/contactus?hsLang=en-us)

Posts about

# SINTEF

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/as-machines-become-smarter-humans-become-more-important>

## [As Machines Become Smarter, Humans Become More Important](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/as-machines-become-smarter-humans-become-more-important)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Sep 15, 2026, 3:52:17 PM

**What can Norwegian research on autonomy and human-machine interaction teach the defence sector?**

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/as-machines-become-smarter-humans-become-more-important)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/better-fishing-prospects-with-modern-technology>

## [Better fishing prospects with modern technology](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/better-fishing-prospects-with-modern-technology)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Aug 21, 2026, 1:24:15 PM

A small, unmanned vessel operating ahead of a fishing trawler, scanning the upper water layers, can...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/better-fishing-prospects-with-modern-technology)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/why-meaningful-human-control-matters-more-as-ai-and-autonomy-advance>

## [Why meaningful human control matters more as AI and autonomy advance](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/why-meaningful-human-control-matters-more-as-ai-and-autonomy-advance)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Jul 1, 2026, 10:25:15 AM

Artificial intelligence, automation and remote operations are transforming safety-critical...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/why-meaningful-human-control-matters-more-as-ai-and-autonomy-advance)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/student-afternoon-at-nyhavna-exploring-the-future-of-marine-technology-and-career-opportunities>

## [Student afternoon at Nyhavna: Exploring the future of marine technology and career opportunities](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/student-afternoon-at-nyhavna-exploring-the-future-of-marine-technology-and-career-opportunities)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Oct 30, 2025, 9:08:22 AM

Exploring future careers in ocean autonomy and technology.

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/student-afternoon-at-nyhavna-exploring-the-future-of-marine-technology-and-career-opportunities)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/midas-academy-launched-tailored-competence-for-future-ocean-space-operations>

## [MIDAS Academy Launched: Tailored Competence for Future Ocean Space Operations](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/midas-academy-launched-tailored-competence-for-future-ocean-space-operations)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Mar 31, 2025, 6:22:38 PM

[Les saken på norsk](https://fi-nor.no/midas-academy-lansert-skreddersydd-kompetanse-for-fremtidens-havromsoperasjoner/)On April 1, 2025, MIDAS Academy will be launched—a new learning platform designed...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/midas-academy-launched-tailored-competence-for-future-ocean-space-operations)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/sintef-and-njord-aqua-technology-detects-even-small-holes-in-fish-cage-nets-in-real-time>

## [SINTEF and Njord Aqua-technology detects even small holes in fish cage nets - in real time](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/sintef-and-njord-aqua-technology-detects-even-small-holes-in-fish-cage-nets-in-real-time)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Dec 3, 2024, 5:28:26 PM

Detecting small holes in cage nets in real time is not a technology that is readily available in...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/sintef-and-njord-aqua-technology-detects-even-small-holes-in-fish-cage-nets-in-real-time)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-nato-innovation-fund-visits-the-ocean-technology-community-in-trondheim>

## [NATO Innovation Fund visits the ocean technology community in Trondheim](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-nato-innovation-fund-visits-the-ocean-technology-community-in-trondheim)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | May 14, 2024, 5:50:27 PM

[Read article in Norwegian](https://midsec.no/2024/05/14/natos-innovasjonsfond-besoker-havteknologimiljoet-i-trondheim/)

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-nato-innovation-fund-visits-the-ocean-technology-community-in-trondheim)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-norwegian-government-has-launched-a-new-initiative-to-increase-research-efforts-in-the-business-sector>

## [The Norwegian government has launched a new initiative to increase research efforts in the business sector](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-norwegian-government-has-launched-a-new-initiative-to-increase-research-efforts-in-the-business-sector)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Apr 29, 2024, 11:01:11 AM

On Tuesday, April 30th, Minister of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth (Labour Party) and Minister...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-norwegian-government-has-launched-a-new-initiative-to-increase-research-efforts-in-the-business-sector)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/human-in-future-maritime-operations-midas-workshop>

## [Human in Future Maritime Operations - MIDAS workshop](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/human-in-future-maritime-operations-midas-workshop)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Feb 7, 2024, 2:47:23 PM

The project "[Human in Future Maritime Operations - MIDAS"](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/project_midas?hsLang=en-us) is a collaboration between eight...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/human-in-future-maritime-operations-midas-workshop)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/ntnu-aur-lab-day>

## [NTNU AUR-Lab Day](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/ntnu-aur-lab-day)

Posted by [Lars Bugge Aarset](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/lars-bugge-aarset) | Jan 25, 2024, 5:07:41 PM

David Roddan Williamson, Researcher - Department of Marine Technology. Photo: Lars Bugge...

[CONTINUE READING](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/ntnu-aur-lab-day)

## On the same subject

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/breach-vr-reality-is-cross-platform>

### [Breach VR: Reality is cross-platform](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/breach-vr-reality-is-cross-platform)

[Aida Refvik Angell](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/aida-refvik-angell)

[VR](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/tag/vr), [Breach VR](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/tag/breach-vr)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-ocean-space-incubator-will-strengthen-norways-position-in-ocean-space-technology>

### [The Ocean Space Incubator in Trøndelag: Will strengthen Norway’s position in ocean space technology](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/the-ocean-space-incubator-will-strengthen-norways-position-in-ocean-space-technology)

[Birgit Thorsen](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/birgit-thorsen)

[Uncategorized](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/tag/uncategorized)

<https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/autonomimiljoet-i-midt-norge-far-stotte-til-millionprosjekt>

### [Autonomimiljøet i Midt-Norge får støtte til millionprosjekt](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/autonomimiljoet-i-midt-norge-far-stotte-til-millionprosjekt)

[malin](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/author/malin)

[Uncategorized](https://oceanautonomy.no/en-us/oacnews/tag/uncategorized)

##### About Ocean Autonomy Cluster

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  "articleBody" : "What can Norwegian research on autonomy and human-machine interaction teach the defence sector? Artificial intelligence and autonomous systems are changing the way modern military operations are planned and conducted. The war in Ukraine has demonstrated how rapidly unmanned aerial systems, maritime drones, advanced sensors and AI-supported decision-making tools have become integrated into military operations. At the same time, NATO countries are investing heavily in new capabilities based on artificial intelligence and autonomy. These technologies offer the potential for faster decision-making, improved situational awareness and more precise use of military capabilities. But they also raise a fundamental question: As machines become increasingly intelligent, how do we ensure that humans retain meaningful control? “In complex systems, control is not something we assume, it is something we must actively design.” — Stig Ole Johnsen, NTNU This question is at the heart of the Norwegian research project MIDAS – Humans in Future Ocean Space Operations, and of the book Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations. Edited by Frøy Birte Bjørneseth, Stig Ole Johnsen, Ole Andreas Alsos, Vidar Hepsø and Gunhild Birgitte Sætren, the book brings together research and practical experience on human-centred approaches to AI, automation and remote operations across safety-critical sectors. [1] The article draws on research, findings and practical experience from the Norwegian MIDAS project and Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations, with particular emphasis on the implications for defence. Key themes include meaningful human control, human factors, system design and the interaction between people, technology and organisation. Although MIDAS is rooted in ocean operations, the book draws on experience from several safety-critical sectors. Many of the challenges are therefore equally relevant to defence Scale model of a Remote Operation Centre (ROC), from a master's thesis in autonomy at NTNU Shore Control Lab. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset. Autonomy is not about removing humans One of the most important lessons from research into autonomous and remotely operated systems is that autonomy should not be understood as a way of removing humans from the system. Stig Ole Johnsen's research specifically addresses how Meaningful Human Control can be engineered into digitalisation, automation, AI and remote operations. His work emphasises that human control needs to be deliberately incorporated into the design of complex systems rather than simply assumed to exist because a human remains formally responsible. “Autonomous and remotely operated maritime systems will not become safe simply by removing people from the bridge or the control loop. They become safer when we understand the work operators actually have to perform, design the technology around that work, and ensure that people can build situation awareness and intervene when conditions change.” — Stig Ole Johnsen, NTNU This is closely connected to the concept of Meaningful Human Control. Simply having a human formally “in the loop” does not necessarily mean that the human has effective control. The operator must have sufficient understanding of what the system is doing, access to relevant and timely information, the authority to make decisions and the ability to intervene when necessary. NATO's work on Human Systems Integration for Meaningful Human Control over AI-based systems addresses these issues at the system level. [2] This has important implications for defence procurement. Human Factors Engineering, task analysis, user involvement, prototyping, simulation and continuous learning cannot be treated as activities that are added after the technology has been developed. They need to be incorporated from the beginning. Testing autonomous technology on the electric hydrofoil Candela P-12, known as Frostabåten, in Trondheim. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset. The lesson from KNM Helge Ingstad The collision involving the frigate KNM Helge Ingstad in 2018 provides a powerful Norwegian example of why technology, people and organisation must be understood as one system. Research by Ole Andreas Alsos, Stig Ole Johnsen and Frøy Birte Bjørneseth addresses human, technical and organisational factors in accident analysis and safety-critical systems. Their work is part of the broader research presented in Safety by Design. For Bjørneseth, the lesson from accident investigations is clear: “When we investigate serious incidents, we often see that attention is focused on the person who made a mistake. But humans always operate within a system. If the system is poorly designed, the likelihood of errors increases.” — Frøy Birte Bjørneseth, NTNU Bjørneseth's research focuses on Human Factors, human-machine interfaces, ergonomics, user experience, operational management and safety in autonomous and maritime systems. The broader lesson is consistent with the central argument of Safety by Design: in safety-critical systems, human performance cannot be separated from the technical and organisational context in which people operate. [1] For autonomous military systems, this interaction becomes even more important. A technically sophisticated system can still fail to deliver its intended operational effect if information is difficult to interpret, interfaces are poorly designed, responsibilities are unclear or operators cannot intervene effectively. KNM Helge Ingstad. Photo: Jakob Østheim/Forsvaret. Ukraine shows why humans still matter The war in Ukraine provides an extraordinary real-world laboratory for the development and deployment of autonomous and semi-autonomous technologies. Drones, sensors, satellite data and AI-supported analysis are being integrated into military operations at unprecedented speed. But the experience from Ukraine also demonstrates that technology alone does not determine military effectiveness. Humans remain responsible for understanding the operational context, assessing uncertainty and making decisions involving tactical, legal and ethical considerations. The physical distance between an operator and the battlefield may increase, while the cognitive demands on the operator can become greater. The same principle applies to autonomous maritime operations: the more responsibility is delegated to a system, the more important it becomes to understand what the system can and cannot be expected to do Demonstration of Ukrainian drone technology in Trøndelag. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset. The technology may not be the hardest part There is a tendency to view AI adoption primarily as a technology challenge. Research suggests that this can be misleading. The MIT NANDA report The GenAI Divide: State of AI in Business 2025 examined the gap between experimentation with generative AI and measurable organisational value, highlighting challenges related to implementation, workflow integration and organisational adaptation. [3] For defence, the consequences of poor integration can be particularly serious. The issue is not simply whether an AI system works technically, but whether it works in the operational environment in which it is intended to be used. This is where the Human Factors perspective becomes particularly important. Bjørneseth's research covers Human Factors, human-machine interaction, usability, ergonomics, operational environments and safety in autonomous systems. [1] AI adoption should therefore begin with the mission and the tasks that people need to perform. What decisions have to be made? What information is required? Where is uncertainty greatest? What happens when communication fails? What happens when information is incomplete, misleading or deliberately manipulated? These questions are as important as the technical performance of the AI model itself. NASAMS: designing around the operator A Norwegian example can be found in the development of the next-generation Fire Distribution Centre for the Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System, NASAMS. The system has been developed around the tasks operators need to perform under extreme time pressure. User involvement, observation, task analysis, prototyping and testing have been important elements of the development process. The result illustrates a fundamental principle of human-centred design: advanced technology does not necessarily have to mean greater complexity for the user. This approach is consistent with the principles of human-centred design described in ISO 9241-210:2019, which provides requirements and recommendations for human-centred design principles and activities throughout the life cycle of interactive systems. [4] Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System, NASAMS. Photo: Ole Andreas Vekve/Forsvaret. A Norwegian opportunity Norway has several advantages in this field. The country combines a strong defence industry with substantial research expertise in autonomy, Human Factors and human-machine interaction, as well as decades of experience with safety-critical maritime operations. There are also relatively short distances between users, industry, research institutions and government. This creates an opportunity to develop and test new approaches in close cooperation with the people who will ultimately use the technology. User involvement should extend from the definition of the problem through prototyping, exercises, acquisition and implementation – and continue as an integral part of operational learning. This is consistent with both the human-centred design principles of ISO 9241-210 and NATO's approach to Meaningful Human Control across the system lifecycle. [2][4] The war in Ukraine reinforces the value of this approach. Technologies are developed, deployed, tested and modified at extraordinary speed. The ability to establish short learning loops between operational experience, users, researchers and industry can therefore become a strategic advantage. Nyhavna in Trondheim seen from a Ukrainian FPV drone. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset. Humans remain the critical capability The central message from MIDAS and Safety by Design is not that autonomy should be slowed down. Quite the opposite. Autonomous and AI-based systems will become increasingly important in both civilian and military operations. [1] The question is how these systems are designed and integrated. Testing should not be limited to whether a system performs correctly under ideal conditions. Systems must also be tested under time pressure, degraded communications, incorrect or uncertain information, cyber disruption and other hostile or degraded conditions. NATO's work on Meaningful Human Control addresses human-system integration across the lifecycle, including design, testing, training and operational use. [2] ISO 9241-210:2019 provides an established framework for human-centred design, emphasising an understanding of users, tasks and environments throughout the development process. [4] For defence, this approach is particularly important because failure can have consequences far beyond inconvenience or lost productivity. It can affect operational effectiveness, situational awareness, safety and accountability. The most advanced system is therefore not necessarily the one with the highest degree of autonomy. Instead, the critical question is whether the system enables people to understand what is happening, make appropriate decisions and intervene when necessary. This is the essence of Meaningful Human Control – and it is why the human role does not disappear as autonomous systems become more capable. Johnsen's research specifically addresses how Meaningful Human Control can be engineered into digitalisation, automation, AI and remote operations. The challenge for the defence sector is therefore to combine technological development with human competence, organisational development and continuous user involvement. When machines become smarter, the human role does not disappear. It changes – and in many cases becomes more demanding. Parts of the autonomy research in the MIDAS project are conducted at NTNU Shore Control Lab in Trondheim. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset. About the book Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations is edited by Frøy Birte Bjørneseth, Stig Ole Johnsen, Ole Andreas Alsos, Vidar Hepsø and Gunhild Birgitte Sætren. The book was published by CRC Press in 2026 as an Open Access publication. The book brings together research and practical experience on human-centred approaches to AI, automation and remote operations across several safety-critical sectors. Its central themes include Human Factors, human-centred design, automation, AI, remote operations and Meaningful Human Control. References Bjørneseth, Frøy Birte; Johnsen, Stig Ole; Alsos, Ole Andreas; Hepsø, Vidar; Sætren, Gunhild Birgitte (eds.) (2026). Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations. CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781003741824. NATO STO (2025). Human Systems Integration for Meaningful Human Control Over AI-Based Systems. NATO STO Technical Report TR-HFM-330. MIT NANDA (2025). The GenAI Divide: State of AI in Business 2025. ISO (2019). ISO 9241-210:2019 Ergonomics of human-system interaction — Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems.",
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  "articleBody" : "A small, unmanned vessel operating ahead of a fishing trawler, scanning the upper water layers, can guide the vessel to areas with the highest concentrations of the tiny zooplankton species Calanus. Against this backdrop, researchers from SINTEF and NTNU, through the research centre SFI Harvest have been testing the use of unmanned and autonomous vehicles on, under and above the water surface. The aim is to help fishing vessels locate commercially viable concentrations of Calanus without wasting time and fuel searching for them. Read full story Les saken på norsk",
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  "articleBody" : "Artificial intelligence, automation and remote operations are transforming safety-critical industries at an unprecedented pace. Yet as technology becomes more capable, one question is becoming increasingly important: how do we ensure that humans retain meaningful control when autonomous systems reach their limits? Contrary to what many assume, greater autonomy does not reduce the importance of humans. It changes their role. Human operators may intervene less often, but when they do, the decisions they make are likely to be more complex, more time-critical and more consequential than ever before. This is one of the central themes explored in Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations, where Stig Ole Johnsen and Gunhild Birgitte Sætren are among the contributing authors. Their work argues that meaningful human control is not something that naturally remains as systems become more autonomous. It must be deliberately engineered. Professor Gunhild B. Sætren notes, “We need to ensure humans stay truly in control in an age of AI, automation, and remote operations.” Sætren, who is also Professor and Manager of the Arctic Safety Centre in Svalbard, believes the discussion should move beyond principles and focus on practical system design. Meaningful human control is not just a symbolic emergency button, she says. It requires real authority, situational awareness, time, and the genuine ability to intervene when it matters. Gunhild B. Sætren, professor and manager of Arctic Safety Centre in Svalbard. Photo: Gunhild B Sætren The challenge is therefore not simply keeping a human in the loop. It is ensuring that operators have the authority, competence, situational awareness and time needed to understand what is happening and make sound decisions when automation behaves unexpectedly. Jooyoung Park, PhD candidate at NTNU Shore Control Lab and co-author, highlights that meaningful human control also depends on how information is presented to operators. “As people move from directly controlling systems to supervising increasingly capable automation, interfaces should support the entire cognitive process, from maintaining engagement during routine monitoring, to recognising critical cues, understanding their meaning, anticipating what comes next and evaluating possible responses.” Jooyoung Park, PhD candidate at NTNU Shore Control Lab. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri As Stig Ole Johnsen, Senior Scientist at NTNU, explains, “In complex systems, control is not something we assume, it is something we must actively design.” A common misconception is that meaningful human control can be achieved by giving operators an emergency override or a final approval button. In reality, this creates only the appearance of control if operators lack the information, understanding or opportunity to act effectively. Without these conditions, human control becomes symbolic rather than operational. According to Park, this is why human-centred interfaces should provide operators with a clear “situation at a glance”, enabling them to rapidly build an accurate understanding of the operational picture and recognise when automation is approaching its limits. Stig Ole Johnsen, Senior scientist at NTNU Why better automation makes humans more important One of the great paradoxes of automation is that as systems become more capable, humans often become less involved in day-to-day operations, but more critical when something unexpected occurs. Operators may spend long periods supervising highly automated systems before suddenly being required to understand a complex situation and make the right decision within seconds. As Johnsen notes, “The challenge is that humans are expected to step in precisely when they are least engaged in the system during normal operation.” Increasing automation therefore does not eliminate human responsibility. It concentrates responsibility into fewer, but far more demanding, situations where the consequences of a wrong decision may be significant. For organisations developing autonomous and AI-enabled systems, this means that investing in technology alone is not enough. Equal attention must be given to designing systems that support human judgement, decision-making and intervention. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Aviation shows what meaningful human control looks like Few industries illustrate engineered human control better than aviation. Over decades, aviation has developed integrated systems of engineering, training, certification, operational procedures and reporting cultures that enable people to perform effectively under pressure. As Sætren explains, “Control in complex systems is not about one layer of defence, it is about how design, training and organisation work together under stress.” One of the clearest examples is the emergency landing of US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River in 2009. After a bird strike disabled both engines shortly after take-off, Captain Chesley Sully Sullenberger and First Officer Jeffrey Skiles had only minutes to assess the situation. Their successful landing was not simply the result of exceptional piloting. It reflected decades of investment in cockpit design, crew resource management, simulator training and Human Factors engineering. Meaningful human control had already been built into the system through engineering, training and preparation. The same principle applies to autonomous and remotely operated maritime systems. When automation reaches its limits, operators must quickly understand the situation, assess their options and intervene effectively. Whether they succeed depends largely on how well the system has been designed to support human performance. US Airways Flight 1549 on the Hudson River in 2009. (Greg L/Wikimedia Commons) Design is a safety function A key insight from Human Factors research is that system design directly influences safety. Park argues that interface design should therefore be viewed as a safety function rather than simply a usability concern. “Instead of requiring operators to adapt to technology, systems should support the way people naturally monitor, interpret and act.” Interfaces, alarm systems, workload, automation logic and procedures all shape how people perceive situations and make decisions. She adds that interfaces providing a clear “situation at a glance” can reduce cognitive workload while enabling faster and more accurate understanding of operational situations. As Johnsen puts it, “System design is not neutral, it actively shapes human behaviour and the decisions that follow.” Jooyoung Park, PhD candidate at NTNU Shore Control Lab. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Poor design is therefore not simply a usability problem. It is a safety issue. Research referenced by the authors indicates that approximately 40 to 50 percent of adverse events may be associated with weaknesses in system design, operational procedures or technology. This represents an important shift in thinking. Rather than asking why an operator made a mistake, organisations should ask how the system influenced that decision. From this perspective, human error is not the end of an investigation. It is the beginning of understanding how the system can be improved. Human control as a continuous learning cycle Meaningful human control is not something that can be achieved once during system development. It must be maintained throughout the entire operational life of a system. Park points out that meaningful human control should be engineered from the outset by involving operators, designers, engineers and other stakeholders throughout system development. Human, operational and technical requirements should be considered together, rather than treating the human element as something to be addressed after deployment. NTNU Shore Control Lab. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri This begins with design. Systems should be developed using Human Factors Engineering methods such as task analysis, workload assessment, alarm design, human-machine interface design and realistic operational testing. As Sætren points out, “Learning and continuous improvement don’t happen by chance. They depend on strong Human Factors and Ergonomics knowledge, psychological safety, and clearly defined responsibility.” Just as importantly, organisations must learn from work as it is actually performed, not only from how designers or procedures expect it to be performed. Real-world operations often differ from design assumptions. Understanding these differences allows organisations to continuously improve both technology and operational practices. A third principle is to investigate accidents and incidents from a systems perspective. As Johnsen argues, “Human error should be the starting point of an investigation, not the conclusion.” Rather than assigning blame, organisations should ask why people acted as they did and what factors influenced their decisions. Investigations should examine design, training, workload, automation behaviour and organisational conditions, then use those findings to improve future systems. This creates a continuous learning cycle where operational experience is fed back into system design, making future operations safer and more resilient. Testing of Candela P-12, Frostabåten. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Human control must be engineered As AI and autonomous technologies continue to evolve, the relationship between humans and machines is changing. Human operators are becoming supervisors of increasingly capable systems rather than direct controllers of every task. This shift makes meaningful human control more important than ever. The goal is not simply to keep humans involved. The goal is to ensure that they remain capable of understanding situations, making informed decisions and intervening effectively when technology reaches its limits. As Johnsen summarizes, “If we want meaningful human control, we must design for it from the start, not hope it appears when needed.” The message is clear. As artificial intelligence, automation and autonomy become more advanced, human control becomes more important, not less. Meaningful human control is not an emergency stop button. It is the outcome of deliberate design, responsible operations and continuous learning. MIDAS – Humans in Future Maritime Operations The article is based on Chapter 2 in Safety by Design: Human-Centered Approaches to AI, Automation, and Remote Operations, edited by Frøy Birte Bjørneseth, Stig Ole Johnsen, Ole Andreas Alsos, Vidar Hepsø, and Gunhild Birgitte Sætren. The book was initiated, funded and written as part of MIDAS – Humans in Future Maritime Operations. MIDAS is a national competence project that examines the role of humans in future maritime operations, where autonomy, artificial intelligence and automation are becoming increasingly important. The ambition is to ensure that new technology is developed in a way that safeguards safety, usability and meaningful human control. The project brings together researchers, technologists, designers and industry actors across the maritime value chain. SINTEF Digital contributes multidisciplinary expertise in human factors and digitalisation. DNV provides expertise in classification and maritime safety, while clusters such as Digital Norway, Ocean Autonomy Cluster and Blue Maritime Cluster ensure relevance for industry stakeholders. Through MIDAS, the goal is to strengthen Norwegian industry’s innovation capacity and contribute to the development and export of future autonomous maritime solutions. See also: New book puts humans at the centre of autonomous and AI-enabled systems Open access resource for industry and academia Published by CRC Press, Safety by Design is available as an Open Access book under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 licence. This means that the book can be downloaded free of charge, shared, copied and reused in research, education, training, industrial development and policy work, provided that the original source is properly credited. The book offers practical and research-based insights for technology developers, operators, designers, researchers, educators, regulators and policymakers working to ensure that autonomous, remote and AI-enabled systems are not only innovative, but also safe, usable and centred on meaningful human control. Read or download the book here",
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  "articleBody" : "Exploring future careers in ocean autonomy and technology. NTNU students met several of Norway’s most innovative, and in some cases world-leading ocean technology companies during an afternoon seminar hosted by the Ocean Autonomy Cluster and MIDAS. The event offered insights into cutting-edge research, emerging career opportunities, and collaboration between academia and industry. How can autonomous systems help make the oceans cleaner, safer, and more sustainable? This was one of the questions explored when the Ocean Autonomy Cluster and MIDAS invited NTNU students to an inspiring networking and info afternoon at the Trondheim Maritime Center on October 29. The event brought together students from marine engineering, technical cybernetics, and design – and several cluster member companies presented how they are innovating at the intersection of technology and the ocean. Pauline Røstum Bellingmo,SINTEF Ocean. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri From water monitoring to new concepts Maxime Leclaire from Computas presented the project Make Nyhavna Clean Again, which tests a water monitoring system in Trondheim’s harbor area. The solution is designed to be reusable at swimming areas and other coastal locations to monitor water quality and environmental data. – We are now looking at opportunities for students to contribute with data collection, analysis, and further concept development, said Leclaire. Robots in the splash zone Erik Wold Aalde from OceanTech showcased the company’s robotic solutions for access and maintenance in the splash zone of offshore installations, a challenging environment where technology can replace risky manual operations. Erik Wold Aalde, Oceantech. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Collecting weather, wind, and ocean data Erik Høy from Fugro Norway (blue sweater in the photo) presented Fugro Seawatch, the company’s systems for collecting weather, wind, and ocean data. Fugro develops and produces a wide range of research buoys – floating, seabed-mounted, and submersible, with production locally in Trondheim.The buoys are used for environmental monitoring, coastal protection, pollution tracking, meteorology, and energy projects in oil, gas, and renewable sectors. – Our final product is not the equipment itself, but the knowledge and data that make decisions safer and more sustainable, said Høy. Fugro now plans to expand and hire more staff in Trondheim across several disciplines. Erik Høy, Fugro Norway. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri A robot lawnmower on the fjord Sander Henriksen presented Nordic USV, which operates remotely controlled USVs, water sampling, and testing. – You can think of it as a “robot lawnmower on the fjord”, said Henriksen, explaining how the company uses the technology for fjord monitoring for both mining companies and aquaculture. Nordic USV currently operates on the west coast of Norway, Helgeland, and the Sognefjord, with several new projects underway. The company performs measurements down to 1500 meters and plans to establish a Remote Operations Center (ROC) in Trondheim. The operations center will also require staffing, and there will be more opportunities for students in Trondheim in the future, through internships and projects related to remote operations and data analysis. Sander Henriksen presented Nordic USV. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Autonomous underwater buoy Apoorva Sinha from Ocean Access presented the company’s autonomous underwater buoy, designed to enable efficient and cost-effective data communication between underwater systems and the surface. The technology makes it easier to retrieve and transmit data from the seabed without the need for expensive vessels. Apoorva Sinha from Ocean Access. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Navigation without GPS – and beyond Earth Sigmund Henningsen from SentiSystems presented the company’s advanced navigation technology designed to operate even when GPS signals are unavailable — a growing challenge due to jamming and spoofing, particularly from Russian sources, affecting maritime, land, and airborne operations. “Our system ensures precise navigation even without GPS, and the technology will soon be used to navigate a drone on the moon,” said Henningsen. The company’s core product, the SentiNAV platform, synchronizes data from multiple sensors to maintain accurate position and heading under the most demanding conditions. Sigmund Henningsen, SentiSystems. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Research, technology, and future maritime operations From SINTEF Ocean, researchers Ella-Lovise Hammervold Rørvik and Pauline Røstum Bellingmo presented work at the Norwegian Centre for Marine Technology, covering maritime ICT, cybernetics, and the SFI Autoship initiative. Ella-Lovise Hammervold Rørvik, SINTEF Ocean. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri The clusters behind innovation Yngvild Bakken Furunes presented the Ocean Autonomy Cluster and Fremtidens Industri, explaining how the clusters promote innovation, collaboration, and career opportunities in marine technology and autonomy. Furunes also highlighted how students can engage in projects, summer jobs, and networking activities through the clusters. MIDAS – Humans in future ocean operations The event was part of the MIDAS – Humans in Future Ocean Operations project, exploring the interaction between humans, autonomous systems, and technology in the maritime domain. Through research and innovation activities, MIDAS aims to position the Norwegian maritime sector as a leader in safe, efficient, and sustainable offshore operations. Yngvild Bakken Furunes, Ocean Autonomy Cluster and Fremtidens Industri. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Fremtidens Industri Companies and summer jobs Three unique summer job positions funded by the MIDAS project were also announced, giving students the opportunity to contribute to practical projects in future marine technology. Alongside the presentations, pizza was served, and informal mingling provided a valuable opportunity for students to build networks and connect with companies at the forefront of maritime technological development. 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  "articleBody" : "Les saken på norsk On April 1, 2025, MIDAS Academy will be launched—a new learning platform designed to enhance competence in marine and maritime automation and autonomy. MIDAS Academy offers an engaging and practice-oriented competence package for those working with future ocean space operations—technologically, in design, and from a business strategy perspective. The learning platform is one of the key outcomes of the capacity-building project Humans in Future Ocean Space Operations (MIDAS), a collaboration between NTNU, SINTEF, Digital Norway, Ocean Autonomy Cluster, and GCE Blue Maritime Cluster. MIDAS Academy is funded by the Research Council of Norway, with additional support from Møre og Romsdal County Municipality. A Unique Collaboration for a Comprehensive Competence Boost The project brings together leading knowledge environments from NTNU and SINTEF, as well as three industry clusters representing around 300 companies across the entire marine and maritime value chain. The collaboration merges the technological expertise in Trøndelag with the strong industrial foundation in the Møre region. “We have a truly unique ocean-related industry in the Mid-Norway region. Many of these companies are among the world's best in their fields. We believe that initiatives like MIDAS Academy can strengthen ties between these environments and enhance competitiveness across the board,” says project manager Knut Tore Aurdal of GCE Blue Maritime Cluster. Knut Tore Aurdal, Project manager, GCE Blue Maritime Clyster. Photo: ÅKP AS Clear, Flexible, and Industry-Driven MIDAS Academy aims to simplify access to a complex landscape of competence offerings. Through the platform, technologists, designers, and business developers can select training modules that suit their needs and work schedules—from short introductory courses to more comprehensive credit-based programs. “Many companies have a strategy for competence development but find existing offerings fragmented. MIDAS Academy is an attempt to consolidate the various training opportunities within automation and autonomy, making the learning journey more structured and accessible,” explains Aurdal. MIDAS Academy is structured into three levels: Level 1 includes short course modules and in-depth, hands-on workshops, while Level 2 offers credit-based courses in collaboration with academic partners. These can lead to an experience-based master’s degree (Level 3). A collection of relevant materials—from overview articles and reports to presentations and introductory courses—is available to MIDAS Academy users as additional resources. The platform will be dynamic and evolve according to industry needs. Companies themselves will have the opportunity to influence the content moving forward. For Technologists, Designers, and Business Developers The primary target group for MIDAS Academy is employees in companies working with automation of ocean space operations—whether as users or developers of such technologies. The offerings range from introductory topics to advanced specialization and further education. “MIDAS Academy provides flexibility. It is for everyone working in ocean space technology and especially for those looking to transition from a technical role to business development and management,” says Frode Halvorsen of Ocean Autonomy Cluster. Frode Halvorsen, manager Ocean Autonomy Cluster. Fhoto Lars Bugge Aarset Strengthening Capacity Across the Maritime Cluster The goal of MIDAS Academy is to enhance the capacity of both academia and industry in marine and maritime digitalization and autonomy—helping to secure the competitiveness of the entire maritime cluster as the sector undergoes digital transformation. “Our aim is to strengthen the entire cluster’s competitive advantage by providing employees with access to relevant and up-to-date competence. By bringing together knowledge institutions and industry, we are building a solid foundation for future value creation,” says Aurdal. A Springboard for Collaboration and Knowledge Sharing MIDAS Academy will also serve as a platform for professional collaboration. One example is the annual technology conference Ship Technology Days, organized by GCE Blue Maritime Cluster, where the MIDAS project will play a key role in the coming years. Would you like to learn more about MIDAS Academy and the opportunities available for you and your company? Read more about MIDAS Academy. Contact info. Alexandra Neyts, NTNU +47 918 97 573 Alexandra.Neyts@ntnu.no Annita Fjuk, Digital Norway +47 900 84 698 Annita.fjuk@digitalnorway.com Knut Tore Aurdal, ÅKP +47 481 06 676 knut.tore.aurdal@aakp.no Ole Andreas Alsos, NTNU +47 915 44 825 Oleanda@ntnu.no Frode Halvorsen, Ocean Autonomy Cluster +47 918 45 969 Frode@fi-nor.no",
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  "articleBody" : "Read article in Norwegian NATO's Innovation Fund - NIF is a key component of NATO's focus on technology and innovation. The fund has a total size of 1 billion euros over 15 years and invests in technologies that could be crucial in future military operations. The Norwegian share is approximately 400 million Norwegian kroner. Recently, a number of Trondheim's ocean technology companies have received visits from the fund. They exclusively invest in research-based startups in deep tech, aiming to be a significant source of investment for Norway's high-tech industry. Visit at Oceantech Innovation. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Can create at least 1000 more jobs Our mission is capacity building, to build local capacity within 'deep tech', says Thorsten Claus, who leads NIF's fund-of-funds platform in NATO's Innovation Fund. If there is indeed a cluster of interest that we can finance, where we have startups that we can fund, it will create a gravity like an accelerator. This will automatically create at least 1000 more jobs in the region, he says. Not only that, it will be a huge inspiration for everyone working at the university to see that there is a career path in 'dual use of deep tech' and ocean technology, says Claus. The visit is an important contribution to positioning the technology community in Trondheim, says Anders Aune at NTNU Technology Transfer. We get to showcase that we have an area where we have incredibly exciting research and knowledge-based startups that can be attractive for NATO's Innovation Fund. Anders Aune, NTNU Technology Transfer. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster We particularly want to showcase an area where Norway and Trondheim excel, which is ocean technology. Here, we have around twenty to thirty startup companies and some major end customers, as well as larger players like Kongsberg Group. We have also been able to demonstrate that we have infrastructure and facilities for testing both in labs, visually and digitally, and physical testing in pools, ports, and fjords, says Aune. Thorsten Claus, NATO's Innovation Fund. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Ohh man, that’s gold. That’s amazing! The most important thing we've seen today is the phenomenal collaboration. NIF only invests in great teams, and teamwork is, of course, a matter of collaboration. What we've seen today are perfect examples: How many startup companies exchange ideas and technologies and find commercial engagement with each other? They share customer information. They share experiences about the customers, how they buy, what they buy, and when they buy. Oh, man, that’s gold. That’s amazing! Photo gallery from the visit Photos by Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster",
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  "articleBody" : "On Tuesday, April 30th, Minister of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth (Labour Party) and Minister of Research and Higher Education Oddmund Hoel (Centre Party) unveiled the government's strategy for increased investment in research and development in the business sector. Eirik Hovstein in Maritime Robotics demonstrating the Otter for Cecilie Myrseth and Oddmund Hoel. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset The government has set an ambitious goal for Norway to allocate three percent of GDP to research and development (R&amp;D) by 2030. The aim is for two out of the three percent to come from the business sector. The launch took place at Maritime Robotics in Trondheim, a leading supplier of advanced autonomous technology for maritime operations. Minister of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset One of the messages from the Minister of Research and Higher Education was that Norwegian research needs more wealthy uncles and aunts, said the ministers. In addition to speeches from the ministers, there were presentations by Alexandra Bech Gjørv from SINTEF and rector Tor Grande from NTNU. Vegard Hovstein presented the success story of Maritime Robotics, Bjørn Jalving from Kongsberg Maritime emphasized the importance of collaboration in the ecosystem, and the tripartite cooperation between business, research, and education. Much of Kongsberg Group's research is conducted as part of further development in already established product lines. Several speakers highlighted the importance of research in defense, societal security, and emergency preparedness. Minister of Research and Higher Education Oddmund Hoel. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset Minister of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset There was also ample time for demonstrations, including Kongsberg Maritime's test vessel Ocean Space Lab, Maritime Robotics' autonomous vessels, and Blueye Robotics' underwater drone. Both Kongsberg, Maritime Robotics, and Blueye Robotics are members of the Ocean Autonomy Cluster.Minister of Trade and Industry Cecilie Myrseth. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Both ministers and other guests followed with interest and also had the opportunity to try out the vessels. NTNU students Tomas Wedege and Andreas Ødegård presented their project combining a Blueye underwater drone with an Otter from Maritime Robotics. Both are industrial design students. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Testing underwater drone with Blueye Robotics. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster More pictures and norwegian text here",
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  "articleBody" : "The project Human in Future Maritime Operations - MIDAS is a collaboration between eight institutes from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), SINTEF Digital, Ocean Autonomy Cluster, GCE Blue Maritime Cluster, and Digital Norway, representing nearly 250 companies in total. This week the MIDAS-team was gathered for a workshop at NTNU Shore Control Lab in Nyhavna, laying out plans for activities in 2024. The aim of the project is to promote autonomous marine technology as a significant future export industry for Norway by enhancing the technological companies' expertise and capacity in design and business development. Group photo by Carl André Nørstebø, EGGS Design. Until 2028, researchers, students, and maritime companies will work together to develop the future of marine environments and workplaces. This includes improving educational offerings, developing business models, building trust between humans and machines, and creating attractive maritime jobs. This project will bulid compentence in the industry that will make them build better and more user-friendly products and services that are easier to take to the market, says Ole Andreas Alsos, project leader of MIDAS. Alsos is also Associate Professor and Vice Dean for Innovation and Dissemination at Department of Design, NTNU - Faculty of Architecture and Design. Ole Andreas Alsos, NTNU Do you want to know more? Contact: Ole Andreas Alsos - MIDAS Project Leader Associate Professor / Vice Dean for Innovation and Dissemination Department of Design, Faculty of Architecture and Design - NTNU oleanda@ntnu.no Mobile: +4791544825",
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  "articleBody" : "David Roddan Williamson, Researcher - Department of Marine Technology. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Thursday January 25'th NTNU invited to AUR-Lab Day. After project presentations at NTNU campus Moholt it was demonstrations and showcases at Trondheim Biological Station (TBS). Applied Underwater Robotics Laboratory - AUR-Lab at NTNU has built up a research environment with Autonomous Underwater Vehicles - AUVs, Unmanned Surface Vehicles - USVs, Remotely Operated Vehicles- ROVs, subsea docking station for AUVs in the Trondheims fjord, as well as a control and operation room. AUR-Lab is open for research collaboration and ready to assist in various projects, both within research and industry. AUR-Lab is part of the NTNU SINTEF OceanLab-project. Rabea Patricia Rogge, PhD Candidate - Department of Marine Technology. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Ambjørn Grimsrud Waldum, PhD Candidate - Department of Marine Technology. Photo: Lars Bugge Aarset/Ocean Autonomy Cluster Hover message Hover message Hover message Hover message Hover message",
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